How to Get Job
1. Resumes and interviews

1.1. Resume or Curriculum Vitae. Application form

When a person is eager to get a job he is often to fill in a resume (USA) or a curriculum vitae (UK) or a standard printed application form. The forms can be laid out in different ways but the information required will, in most cases, be the same.
The information given by the candidate in these papers will be helpful in assessing the candidate's suitability for the post.
From the candidate's point of view, this paper is the first impression the firm will obtain of him or her and therefore it is important that the candidate completes the paper clearly and carefully.
A curriculum vitae should usually contain the following information:
•	name
•	address
•	telephone
•	fax
•	e-mail
•	date of birth
•	place of birth
•	nationality
•	marital status
•	objective
•	work experience
•	education
•	languages
•	hobbies and interests
•	references (UK) or testimonials (US)

Here is an example:

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:			Susanna J. Pattrick
Home address: 	1 The Lane Liverpoof M16 2PT
Date of birth: 		22 March 1979
Place of birth: 		Liverpool
Nationality: 		British
Marital status: 		Single
Education: 		Stonebroom Comprehensive School
West Park
Liverpool September 1990-July 1995
Qualifications: 	July 1995
GCSE Mathematics (B)
English (C)
Business Studies (A)
French (C)
Art and Design (D)
Objective: 		A traineeship in trading 
Work experience: 	Work on a market stall on Saturday
Interest & activities: 	Swimming
Reading
Horse riding
Referees: 		Mr Mills 				Rev. G. Brown
The Headmaster Stonebroom 	St. Michael le Belfrey
Comprehensive School 		Church Street
West Park 				Urmstow
Liverpool 				Liverpool

CVs or resumes as well as application forms will require the name and address of at least two individuals who can act as referees, which means those who can provide references. The referees may be contacted and asked whether or not they consider the applicant to be suitable for the post. The candidate may name a vicar, a doctor, or an old family friend as one of referees.
Normally, the firm will ask for the names of present or former employers or supervisors for whom the candidate has worked.
Vocabulary
CV = Curriculum Vitae
to look for smth
to be eager to do smth
to fill in
to lay (laid, laid)
   to lay-out
   lay-out
to assess
   assessment
to suit
   suitable
to obtain
therefore
   syn. that's why
to complete
   syn. to fill in
e-mail = electronic mail
marital status
reference = testimonial (Am)
qualifications
   qualification

objective
to train
   trainee
   traineeship
horse riding
referee
headmaster
comprehensive
rev. = reverend
to apply
   applicant
   application form
vicar
former
to supervise
   supervisor	резюме
искать что-либо
сильно желать сделать что-либо
заполнять
положить, класть, возлагать
   расположить
   расположение, размещение, план, расклад
оценивать
   оценка
подходить, устраивать
   подходящий, удобный
получать
поэтому

заполнять

электронная почта
семейное положение
рекомендация, поручительство
оценки
   подготовленность, звание, право заниматься какой-либо деятельностью
цель
подготавливать, обучать
   обучающийся
   обучение
верховая езда
лицо, дающее рекомендацию
директор школы
общий, общеобразовательный
преподобный (титул священника)
обращаться, относиться
   претендент, кандидат
   анкета претендента
приходской священник, викарий
бывший
руководить, осуществлять надсмотр
   руководитель	

1.1.1. Exercises
1.1.1.1. Underline the modal verbs and translate the sentences into Russian:
1.	The applicant is to fill in a resume or an application form.
2.	The forms can be laid out in various ways.
3.	The CV should contain the following information...
4.	It should give the names of two referees.
5.	The referees may be contacted and asked some questions.
6.	The applicant may name a doctor, a vicar, an old fami1y friend.
7.	The firm may also contact the former or present employer of the applicant.
1.1.1.2. Read the following words and underline their roots:
applicant – application
printer – printed form – printing machine
lay-out of the letter
different – difference
information – informer – informative
impression – impressive
referee – reference
supervisor – supervision
trainer – trainee – traineeship – training courses
1.1.1.3. Underline the Participles and complete the sentences:
1.	The information required is practically......................
2.	The information given by the candidate will be very ...................
3.	The resumes filled in will be sent to ...................
4.	The referees mentioned may be asked ......................
5.	The name mentioned isn't familiar to .........................
1.1.1.4. Write a few sentences expressing your opinion about:
the information given here 
the CV quoted 
the words used in the text
1.1.1.5. Complete the sentences as in the text:
1.	When a person is eager to get a job he is often to fill in................
2.	The forms can be laid out in different ways but..................
3.	The information given by the candidate can be very helpful in assessing.................
4.	It is important that the candidate....................
5.	CVs should contain the following information.....................
6.	CVs and application forms will require the name and address of at least..................
7.	The referees may be contacted and asked..................
8.	Normally the firm will ask for the names of present..................
1.1.1.6. Read the following words paying attention to the sounds:
birth 
church 
refer 
prefer
occur
sir
girl 
first 
thirsty
earth 
earn 
earnings	west 
work
swim
qualify 
qualification 
qualifying	swimming 
reading
singing 
riding 
printing 
pointing 
trading
going
advertising	
1.1.1.7. Read the following words paying attention to the stress.
,mathe'matics, 'politics, pho'netics, ,eco'nomics, bo'tanics
1.1.1.8. Say, what you know about Sussanna J. Patric, judging by her CV.
1.1.1.9. Answer the following questions:
1.	What standard points did Sussanna miss in the CV?
2.	Why do you think she chose those two referees?

1.2. About Interviews

Once the company has obtained the resumes and completed forms of the candidates, the next step is to compare them, This can be a lengthy process, trying to match the attributes of the applicants to the post. Some CVs and forms will be discounted straight away because, for example:
•	they are badly written, perhaps they have poor spelling and are untidy
•	the applicant's qualifications may be inadequate for the post
•	the applicant may be too old or too young. 
These applicants will be sent letters informing them that they were unsuccessful in their application. Of the CVs and application forms remaining, a «short» list will be drawn up. This is a list of the applicants seen as best suited for the post. Letters will be sent to those listed, inviting them for interview on a certain date. At the same time the company will usually send for references.
The interview is the major way the companies assess whether a candidate is suitable for a particular post, It allows the company to make a judgement on:
•	the candidate's personality (will he fit into the company and be able to mix with the other staff?)
•	the ability of the candidate to communicate
•	whether the information on the CV or application form is correct.
It also gives the candidate the chance to find out more about the company, such as the working conditions, hours of work, pay and training.
Here are a few Do's and Don'ts for the interviewed:
1.	Don't be late for the interview.
2.	Be neatly dressed.
3.	Listen to the questions asked attentively.
4.	Don't be surprised by a few simple questions at the beginning such as, for example, how you travelled to the interview.
5.	Answer all the questions to the point.
6.	Don't be too laconic in your answers.
7.	Don't be afraid of giving your own views and opinions.
8.	Be calm and polite during the interview.
Good luck to you!

Vocabulary
lengthy 
to match
attribute 
to discount 
tidy
   untidy 
adequate 
   inadequate
to draw up (drew, drawn)
   syn. to make/to prepare
judgment
   to make a judgement on smth
to fit
to mix
   mixed 
   mixture
to be able 
   ability
to find out 
neat 
   neatly adv. 
calm	длительный
подходить, соответствовать
свойство, признак
отбрасывать, игнорировать
аккуратный, опрятный
неаккуратный, неопрятный
адекватный, равнозначный
неадекватный, неправильный
составлять

суждение
судить о чем-либо
подходить
смешивать(-ся)
смешанный, перемешанный
смесь
мочь, быть в состоянии
способность
выяснять, определять
аккуратный
аккуратно
спокойный	
1.2.1. Exercises
1.2.1.1. Underline the roots of the following words:
qualification 
communication 
judgement	assessment 
ability 
personality	lengthy 
spelling 
applicant 
referee	
1.2.1.2. Form and write down adverbs from the following attributes:
bad – badly 
poor ______________________ 
neat  ______________________
calm _______________________
simple______________________
polite _______________________
inadequate ___________________
attentive ______________________
unsuccessful____________________
1.2.1.3. Match the English and Russian equivalents: 
unsuccessful
untidy 
uncertain
unusual 
unsuitable 
unable 
incorrect 
inattentive 
inadequate 
illegal 
impolite	безуспешный
неправильный
неаккуратный
неопределенный
необычный
неподходящий
неспособный
невежливый
незаконный
недостаточный
невнимательный	
1.2.1.4. Write down what steps the company takes after it obtains the resumes. The following may be of help:
1.	First the company considers and compares ______________________
2.	Then it sends ______________________________________________
3.	Then the company invites ____________________________________
4.	At the same time it sends for___________________________________
1.2.1.5. Write down the questions for the following answers:
1.	Yes, they can be very lengthy. 
2.	Then they will be discounted. 
3.	A shot list will be made then.
4.	No, they will be invited for interviews. 
5.	Yes, some good advice is given then.

1.3. An interview

Here is an interview at an American company:
A:	Thank you for coming, Mr. Oliveira. My name is Alan Green. l am in charge of Human Resources.	
B:	How do you do?	
A:	Do have a seat. Now then. I see you are working for the Medilab at the moment. How long have you been there?	
B:	Since 1992. It's a very interesting post, but I'm looking for something with more responsibility.	
A:	So you are ready for a change?	
B:	Yes. I feel I have come as far as I can at Medilab and I think it is time to do something different.	
A:	And can your family move with you easily?	
B:	Our children are small, so it's no problem for them to change schools. My wife is a nurse, so she can find work in another part of the country, or even in another country.	
A:	What kind of salary are you looking for?	
B:	At the moment, I earn $75,000 plus a car so I would like $90,000 plus a car if possible.	
A:	That should be fine. Have you worked abroad?	
B:	Yes. I worked in Argentine for two years. I'd like to have a chance to go abroad again.	
A:	You also worked in Peru, I see.	
B:	Oh yes. That's true. It was about five years ago. We set up a vaccination programme in villages in Peru.	
A:	Really? And what languages can you speak?	
B:	Portuguese is my mother tongue. I can also speak English, Spanish and a little Italian.	
A:	I'm impressed! Some of our contracts are with Japanese companies. Can you speak Japanese?	
B:	No, I can't, but I can always learn.	
A:	Never mind! I'm now going to introduce you to our Sales and Marketing Directors for the more technical questions. I'll see you later for some aptitude and language tests.	
Vocabulary
in charge of smth 
human resources
responsible
   to be responsible for smth to smb
   responsibility
to move
   to move to a certain place
   to move in
   to move out 
nurse
to earn 
   earner

   earnings 
to set up 
Never mind.

aptitude	отвечать за что-либо, заниматься чем-либо
человеческие ресурсы, кадры
ответственный
   отвечать за что-либо перед кем-либо
   ответственность, обязанность
переезжать
   переезжать куда-либо
   переезжать на новое место
   выехать
сестра, няня
зарабатывать
   1) работающий (человек)
   2) статья, обеспечивающая доход
   поступления
организовывать
Не обращайте внимания.
Не имеет значения.
Ничего страшного.
способность	

1.3.1. Exercises
1.3.1.1. Read the following words paying attention to the stress:
,intro'duce
,repro’duce
,edu'cation
,vacci'nation
,appli'cation	,infor'mation 
,qualifi'cation 
re,sponsi'bility 
,suita'bility	,natio'nality 
,Japa'nese
,employ'ee 
,indi'vidual 
,testi'monials.	
1.3.1.2. Read the following sentences paying attention to the intonation:
1.	Have you worked abroad?
2.	Can your family move with you?
3.	Really?
4.	How long have you been there?
5.	What kind of salary are you looking for?
6.	And what language can you speak?
7.	How do you do?
How do you do?
1.3.1.3. Write down all the information about Mr. Oliveira. The following may be of help:
1.	Mr. Oliveira is Portuguese and he can speak _______________________
2.	He has got a wife and _____________________
3.	He is now working___________________________
4.	But at the same time he is looking for _________________________
5.	He would like ______________________
6.	He has sent his resume to _______________________
7.	At the interview ________________________
1.3.1.4. Sum up all the information about the interviewer and assess his ability to interview people.
1.3.1.5.Reproduce the interview. You may make some alterations.

1.4. Making a selection

It is quite normal for the candidate to be interviewed by more than one person. The interviewers would then compare notes before deciding which candidate to appoint.
The candidates may be given a test, in which the candidate's potential to perform the necessary activities is measured. An aptitude test will cover areas such as:
•	mental abilities, e.g. powers of reasoning
•	physical qualities, e.g. co-ordination
•	arithmetical abilities, e.g. addition and multiplication.
An intelligence test may be used to find out the candidate's general powers of reasoning. The test will normally be a written one, made up of numerical, diagrammatical and verbal questions, such as identifying one or more shapes which have common features. Or writing down the next number in a series. Or comparing a series of words to see which have similar meanings. Usually a certain time limit is given for the testee. Once the test is completed, it is marked and a score is obtained.
The company may also insist on a medical examination before the job offer is confirmed. This will give a clear indication as to whether the applicant is physically suitable for the post.
Once an applicant has accepted a post, a letter is sent, confirming the appointment. In the same letter the conditions of service will often be included. This sets out the employee's statutory legal rights and obligations. The terms and conditions will cover areas such as:
•	name and address of the employer and employee
•	date employment begins
•	job title and job description
•	level of pay and whether it will be received weekly or monthly a holiday entitlement
•	hours of work
•	conditions relating to sickness pay
•	conditions relating to the pension scheme
•	amount of notice the employee has to give the firm if he/she is leaving
•	notice of any disciplinary procedure used by the company.

Vocabulary
to measure 
potential
to add
   addition n
to multiply
   multiplication n
verbal 
shape 
score
   to score
to obtain
to insist
   to insist on smth
statutory
obligations
terms
conditions

   terms and conditions

to cover
title

   entitlement 
   to entitle

sickness
   to get a sickness (=sick) pay
   to be on sick leave
amount
notice
   amount of notice

disciplinary	измерять
потенциал
добавлять
сложение
умножать
умножение
устный
форма
счет, метка
отмечать, засчитывать
получать
настаивать
настаивать на чем-либо
установленный (законом)
обязательства
условия (обычно изменяемые)
условия (обычно неизменяемые – стандартные)
условия (включая как изменяемые, так и неизменяемые)
покрывать
1)	звание, должность
2)	название
право
1)	озаглавить
2)	давать право
болезнь
получать оплату по больничному листу
находиться на бюллетене, болеть
сумма
уведомление
количество дней, за которое должно быть сделано уведомление (об уходе / увольнении)
дисциплинированный	

1.4.1. Exercises
1.4.1.1. Underline the roots and translate the words:
interviewer – interviewed
tester – testee
trainer – trainee
employer – employee
1.4.1.2. Mark what parts of speech the words in italics are (n. – noun, v. – verb, adj. – adjective, p. – participle):
1.	Candidates are often interviewed by more than one person. 
2.	The interviewers often compare their notes before deciding which candidate to choose. 
3.	They interviewed the candidate for an hour. 
4.	The interviewed felt ill at ease. 
5.	The candidate was given a test to make.
6.	The test measures the candidate's potential to do the job.
7.	An intelligence test may be used to find out the candidate's power of reasoning.
8.	His ability to speak a foreign language can be tested too. 
1.4.1.3. Make sentences as in the example:
to interview/a few people
It is quite normal for a candidate to be interviewed by a few people.
1.	to give a test/the company
2.	to give an aptitude test/the company
3.	to give an intelligence test/the company
4.	to invite/another interviewer
5.	to ask to undergo a medical examination/the prospective employer
1.4.1.4. Write out all the information from the text about:
•	aptitude tests
•	medical examination
•	intelligence tests
1.4.1.5. Complete as in the text:
1.	Once an applicant has accepted a post, a letter is sent....................
2.	In the same letter conditions of service....................
3.	This sets out the employee's statutory....................
4.	The terms and conditions will cover areas such as....................
1.4.1.6. Sum up all the steps an applicant takes to get a job, covering:
•	Interviews
•	Contracts of employment
•	Tests

1.5. Looking for a job

Here is a talk between two acquaintances:
A:	So, Bruce, when you lost your job, how long did you take to find another job?	
B:	Well, not too long compared with some people. Just six months. I remember that I sent 700 resumes.	
A:	Seven hundred job applications in six months. That's incredible!	
B:	Well, it's only about four a day.	
A:	Maybe, but that's a lot of paperwork...	
B:	Well, I guess so.	
A:	And what was your job before that?	
B:	Well, you see, I worked as a policeman in the early 1990. Then I worked as National Sales Manager with Excel. But the company closed because of heavy competition and I lost the job.	
A:	And where are you working now?	
B:	I've got a job in Rochester Telephone. I'm in the Marketing Department. I develop new markets for phone services.	
A:	How long have you been working there now?	
B:	Just two months. It's great to be employed again!	
A:	Bruce, and what advice would you give to someone who is looking for a job?	
B:	Well, firstly – attack the problem immediately. Don't go on a long holiday – it won't help you to find a job.	
A:	It's just wasting time.	
B:	That's right. Secondly, work, work, work on looking for a job. Before you lost your job, you did a 40-hour week, so why not now?	
A:	So work full-time on your job applications.	
B:	Yes, but at the same time – relax occasionally. Go to the beach, have lunch with friends, go to the gym – you need a break from time to time, even when you are unemployed.	
A:	Useful advice. Any more?	
B:	Yes. It's nice to meet people who are in the same situation as you – other unemployed people. You realize you are not the only unemployed person in town, and you can give each other some good ideas.	
A:	So you should meet people in the same position. Anything else?	
B:	Yes. Don't apply for a job if you don't want it – be selective. If you go for an interview for a job you don't want – you are stupid. You won't get it.	
A:	Very true. What about friends and colleagues?	
B:	Yes, they can be very useful. Talk to them as often as possible. That's how I got my present job, I learned about it from my friend.	

Vocabulary
incredible 
heavy
competition
   heavy competition
to waste
to relax
occasionally
break
   to have a break
   to need a break 
   a tea break
   a lunch break
to be unemployed 
stupid	невероятный
тяжелый, сильный, обильный
конкуренция
острая конкуренция
терять, тратить понапрасну
расслабляться
иногда, от случая к случаю
перерыв
быть на перерыве, отдыхать
нуждаться в отдыхе
перерыв на чай
перерыв на ланч (обед)
не иметь работы
глупый	

1.5.1. Exercises
1.5.1.1. Say how the following words are formed:
competitor, competition, competitive, competing, selective, selection, relaxation, comparison, paperwork
1.5.1.2. Make a few similar word combinations, like this:
in the early nineties – in the early sixties
1.	in the late nineties
2.	an eight hour working day
3.	a three room flat
4.	a forty hour week
5.	a 5 day working week
1.5.1.3. Make questions and answer them:
1.	How long have you been out of job?
1.1. unemployed 
1.2. on holiday 
1.3. on sick leave 
1.4. here
2.	How long have you been working for...?
2.1. looking for... 
2.2. staying... 
2.3. studying... 
2.4. reading...
1.5.1.4. Read the following paying attention to the sounds and write a few similar sentences:
month
two months 
six months 
anything 
Anything else?	this 
these
that
those
then
with
another
the company
the job
the marketing department
with some people
in the early nineties
I remember that.	
1.5.1.5. Read the following sentences paying attention to the intonation:
1.	How long did you take to find another job?
2.	What was your job before that?
3.	And where are you working now?
4.	How long have you been working here?
5.	What advice would you give to them?
6.	What about friends and colleagues?
7.	Any more?
8.	Anything else?
1.5.1.6. Mark the intonation of the following sentences:
1.	Do you like it?
2.	Would you like to have a look at this?
3.	Are you working anywhere now?
4.	Have you seen that?
5.	That's incredible.
6.	It's great to be employed again.
7.	That's right.
8.	That's true.
9.	They can be very useful.
10.	That's how I got my present job.
1.5.1.7. Read the dialogue. You may make some alterations.
1.5.1.8. Write:
•	what you know about Bruce now 
•	what your opinion of Bruce is
1.5.1.9. Act out the interview.