Краткая биография (Resume)
Резюме (в английском языке сохраняется французское написание и произношение этого слова) является частью процесса устройства на работу во всех англоязычных и других странах.
Без резюме и сопроводительного письма (cover letter), которому посвящен следующий раздел, вас просто не пригласят на собеседование (interview) с работодателем (employer), а именно оно и является последним этапом в процессе бизнес-коммуникации перед получением желаемого места работы.
В этом разделе вы познакомитесь, теперь уже по-английски, с основными требованиями к составлению резюме, а также с различными видами (formats) резюме в зависимости от целей и особенностей трудоустройства.
Для начала – десять наиболее типичных ошибок при составлении резюме.
Yes, it's worth while having a look at the ten most common resume writing mistakes:
1.	Too long (preferred length is one page).
2.	Disorganized – information is scattered around the page – hard to follow.
3.	Poorly typed and printed – hard to read – looks unprofessional.
4.	Overwritten – long paragraphs and sentences – takes too long to say too little.
5.	Too sparse – gives only bare essentials of dates and job titles.
6.	Not oriented for results – doesn't show what the candidate has accomplished on the job.
7.	Too many irrelevances – height, weight, sex, health, marital status are not needed on today's resumes.
8.	Misspellings, typos, and poor grammar – resumes should be carefully proofread before they are printed and mailed.
9.	Tries too hard – fancy typesetting and binders, photographs and exotic paper stocks distract from the clarity of presentation.
10.	Misdirected – too many resumes arrive on employer's desks unrequested, and with little or no apparent connections to the organization – cover letters would help avoid this.

Образец резюме (без указания на конкретный вид):

(Ms.) Julia Long
220 West Street
New Port, New York 11645
Phone (515) 227 8562

Job Target: 	Senior Assistant to Personnel Manager

Capabilities: 	Write and edit professional reports;
Provide consultation to employees on benefits;
Manage training courses.

Work history:
1997-present 	junior assistant manager, James Associates, NYC.
- helped preparing staff meetings
- arranged files of the employees
- prepared materials for the training seminars
1996-1997 	assistant-trainee, James Associates, NYC

Education:

1993-1997 	Boston University, honors
B.Sc. (Business Administration)

Перевод образца резюме:

(Мисс) Джулия Лонг
220 Уэст Стрит
Нью-Порт, штат Нью-Йорк 11645
Тел.: (515) 227-8562

Искомая должность: Старший помощник менеджера по кадрам

Профессиональные навыки:
	составление и редактирование производственных докладов;
	консультирование сотрудников по вопросам получения пособий;
	руководство курсами подготовки.

Послужной список:
1997 – по настоящее время
	Младший помощник менеджера фирмы “James Associates” в Нью-Йорке
-	помогала готовить собрания персонала
-	составляла файлы личных дел сотрудников
-	готовила материалы для семинаров по обучению сотрудников
1996-1997
	Помощник-практикант на фирме “James Associates” в Нью-Йорке

Образование
1993-1997	Бостонский университет, с отличием
Бакалавр (управление бизнесом)

A Job application is not so much an information sheet as a sales pitch, in which the product being sold is the writer. Like all persuasive communication, it requires some creative thinking.
An application package consists of a resume and a cover (covering) letter.
Experts say that the most effective approach is to try to get a personal introduction to someone in a specific company. Face-to-face is the best way to sell yourself.
When contacts fail to get you in the door, however, a written application may be the only resort. Target five companies, rather than send a "broadcast" letter to 150.
Through research, determine what kinds of skills and experience the organization needs. Get a sense of the corporate culture and of the ways you could contribute.
As was written above, resume is a vital part of the employment process. Although a resume should give a lot of information about you, you need to determine your main "selling points" and then to select and order facts in a way that will impress your reader. Here are some guidelines:
•	Match your skills and experience to the needs of the organization.
•	Stress what sets you apart from the crowd.
•	Remember that the primary aim is to rouse the employer's interest, not to provide a biography.
Your resume should include enough information about you for the employer to feel that you are worth interviewing. Here is a list of the most common kinds of resume information. Be prepared to omit, add, or alter according to the job.

Name and Address

Usually this information is placed at the top of the page. (Resume, unlike CV, Curriculum Vitae, is limited to one page only.) Be sure to include the full mailing address with a postal code. You may also add a telephone number. If you are a student with a different mailing address for winter and summer months, give your both addresses and the dates when you will be at location.

Present Employment

This information helps the reader to grasp quickly the basis of your experience and the level of your responsibility.

Job Objective

This category is useful if you are a student trying to suggest that you have definite career goals. It may also be useful if you want a specific job in a large organization with a number of vacancies. In any case, it's better to give not the position you would like (for example, a sales manager), but the area and the general level of responsibility (for example, “a management position in marketing” or “management trainee”).
On the other hand, if you are willing to try a variety of jobs, it's better not to include this category.

Summary of Qualifications

Some consultants recommend to place a capsule "Profile" of one or two sentences before the more detailed listing of your experience or qualifications. This summary is your chance to hit the reader directly with your most important attributes for the job, for example, "an energetic and skilled communicator", "a specialist with the ability to analyze needs and implement solutions", "full of entrepreneurial spirit".

Education

For students whose job experience is scanty or nonexistent, this section usually comes first. Educational qualifications are most often the primary selling point. Begin with your most recent educational attainment or your most advanced degree or diploma.
If you have a post-secondary education, it's not necessary to include your high (secondary) school, unless you have a particular reason for doing so. Be sure to give the date you obtained any degree or diploma, along with the name of the institution that granted it.
If courses you have taken are a selling point, list those relevant to the job you are applying for. This is especially important for students seeking their first permanent job.

Work Experience

In most resumes, this information is the major focus. In a standard resume, it is given in reverse chronological order. Students should include all volunteer and part-time jobs.

However you arrange the section, follow this guide:

1. Make the information action-oriented. For example, write:
•	reviewed customer service procedures;
•	organized employee training seminars;
•	prepared budgets for the promotion department.

2. Stress accomplishment. Instead of listing your duties for each job, tell what you have achieved. Rather than say that your «duties were to supervise customer accounts and keep the books», say that you "supervised the customer accounts and kept the books."

3. Be honest. A small lie in your resume is enough to wipe out the employer's trust in you, even if it is discovered well after you have the job. Integrity [порядочность] is an attribute never worth sacrificing. This advice does not mean that you should write about all your faults and draw attention to errors. But you should not misinform the reader.

Personal Information

Most personal information, other than your address and phone number, is unnecessary and should be left out. However, if you think that listing some personal details will give you an advantage, by all means do so. For example, being single might be an advantage for a job requiring a lot of travelling.

References

You don't need to give the names of people who can supply references. Some applicants prefer to wait until the employer is seriously interested, especially if they are currently employed and don't want others to know they are looking around. Omit this category altogether or write: "References will be supplied on request". If you do include references, give a full name, title, company, and address. Telephone numbers may also be helpful.

RESUME FORMATS

Chronological Format demonstrates continuous and upward career growth. It does this by emphasizing employment history beginning with the most recent and working back. The focus is on time, job continuity, growth and advancement, and accomplishments.

Targeted Format is used when you are seeking a specific position. The focus is on your skills, abilities, and qualifications that match the needs of your target.

Functional Format also emphasizes your skills, but does not correlate these characteristics to any specific employer. The focus is on what you did, not when and where you did it.

Combination Format offers a quick synopsis of your market value (the functional style) followed by your employment chronology. This format is very well received by hiring authorities.

THE 5 P's of RESUME WRITING

The 5 P's of an excellent resume are as follows:

Packaging
Positioning
Punch, or Power Information
Personality
Professionalism

Packaging is a vital component to sales success. Paper stocks, graphics, desktop publishing and imaginative presentations are part of the packaging process.

Positioning of information means organization. Organize the data on your resume so that it's easily accessible to the reader and the reader is able to quickly grasp significant information. The key information should be displayed in the Introduction section.

Punch or Power Info is by far the most important. Here you deliver the information that the hiring manager wants to see. Power Info is the information that matches your skills, abilities, and qualifications to a prospective employee's needs.

Personality means a lot for hiring managers. When writing your resume, remember that words are power. Change neutral and dull words to eye-catching and bright ones. For example, instead of "being responsible for something", show that you were "a catalyst for major improvements in..." In other words, lighten up your resume and let it dance and sing a bit. By displaying a personality, you display emotion. And more than any other element, it sells!

Professionalism in presenting your resume is important because you want to make a good, lasting, and professional first impression. Remember: you are the product and you are the salesperson. Your resume is your brochure. Would you hire yourself based on the professionalism of your resume? Professionalism will lead you to more and more interviews. That means more opportunities.

SAMPLE RESUMES

1. Chronological resume.

Vladimir M. Kudrevich
Manager, Foreign Transactions Department, "Belpromstroibank"

Mailing address:
Kozlova Str., 8-34
Minsk 200034
Belarus

office: +375-17-262-4526
home: +375-17-236-4786

Profile:

Possess high energy level and excellent communication skills, ability to analyze needs and implement solutions. Fluent in English and German.

Work history:		

1997 – present

1996-1997

Sept. 1995-1996	
Manager, Foreign Transactions, "Belpromstroibank"
Managed all foreign transactions of the bank
Assistant manager, Foreign Transactions, "Belpromstroibank"
Assisted managing foreign transactions, wrote and edited reports.
Trainee, Foreign Transactions, "Belpromstroibank"
Got training in the main activities of the Foreign Transitions Dept.	

Education:		

1991-1995

1993-1994	
Department of Foreign Economic Relations, honors.
Bachelor of Sciences Degree from the Belarus State Economic University (26 Partizanski Prosp., Minsk, 220070, Belarus)
Exchange program international student of business, University of South Carolina at Columbia (USA)	

1a. Chronological resume

Charles Carey
Accounting manager

2223 August Square Road
Barrington, Il 60093

PROFILE
-	More than 8 years in accounting, including responsibility for department procedures, budget, and computer operations.
-	Plan and conduct audits and variance analyses, process payroll and payroll tax reports and filings.

EMPLOYMENT
10/96 – Present	Scarpendous Displays, Inc., Chicago, Illinois
Senior Accounting Manager
-	reduced accounting payroll costs 41% through automation
-	successfully directed conversion from an IBM system to a Novell Network
1/94-9/96 		Lancer Systems, Chicago, Illinois.
Accounting Manager
-	trained 6 employees in accounting department
-	analyzed and interpreted forecasts
-	successfully negotiated a credit line
5/92-1/94 		Coopers & Lybrand, Chicago, Illinois
Senior Accountant
-	performed detailed financial audits and recommended improvements in system procedures
6/91-5/92		U.S. Riley Corporation, Chicago, Illinois.
Cost Accountant
-	assisted in budget forecasting
-	developed cost data and variance analyses

EDUCATION
Ridgetown college, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Bachelor of Science: Accounting (1991)
References:	Furnished Upon Request

2. Targeted resume

BARRY LISTER
Address before May 7, 1999
House G, Erindale Campus
University of Toronto
Mississauga, Ontario
LSC 1C6
(416) 826-3000	Address after May 7, 1999
24 Kilbarry Street
Ottawa, Ontario
KOB 1KO
(613) 6322150	

Job objective:	Junior of a survey crew, with the ultimate goal of becoming an Ontario Land Surveyor.	
Education		
1999 -	Will complete 2 year of a Bachelor of Science Degree at the University of Toronto.
Major: Survey Science. Grade average: B.
Major courses: Introduction to Surveying Science
Land Planning
Survey Law	
1997 -	Completed one year of Architectural Science at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute (Grade Average: B)	

Work Experience

Summer, 1998 – Tree planter for Roots Ltd. I British Columbia.
Summers, 1996-97 – Groundsworker for Hillsview Golf Club Ltd.

Other activities

Captain, Erindale hockey team
Treasurer, Survey Science Club

Personal information

Birth Date: September 30, 1978

2a. Targeted resume

Ward Gantney
250 Fort Salonga Road
Northport, New York 11678
(516) 725-5237

Job target: Management position in materials Science. 

Capabilities:

– Write, edit and approve professional reports.
– Provide consultation and support to the government on contamination problems.
– Manage programs in materials and component development.
– Conduct corrosion studies.

Achievements:

– Supervised analytical chemistry lab.
– Conducted comparative analysis in the field.
– Set up non-destructive testing procedures.

Work history:
1981 – Present 	Gage-West Corp. Supervisor, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
1978-79		Darnell Electronics, Consultant
1976-77		RET Surface chemicals, Consultant

Education:

Hofstra University
Long Island Univ.	1974 Business Administration
1971 M.A. Chemistry
1969 B.A. Microbiology	

3. Functional format resume

SUSAN HERTZ

16 Osler Street
Vancouver, British Columbia V6R 2T1
Tel: (614) 741-0329

Job Objective: Public relations trainee

Profile:	An energetic and skilled communicator, with a record of leadership and initiative.	

Cominunication Skills

B.A., Honors, in English, Queen's University, 1986; B + average.
Entertainment editor for Queen's Journal, 1988-89.
Debated regularly as a member of Queen’s Debating Society.
Gave oral presentations to public as guide at Huronia Village in Summer 1988.
Described background of historic site to groups of visitors.

Leadership

Elected to Student Council in my last year at Richmond High School. 
Introduced new students to university life at Queen's University.
Elected Vice-President of English Club at Queen's, 1985. Planned and chaired monthly seminars.

Initiative

Founded my own home-baked cookie business, Susan's Cookies, when still at school. Baked, sold and kept accounts, earning enough to pay for my first year at Queen's.

References
1.	Prof. Michael Hughes, Queen's University, Department of English, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6.
2.	Mrs. Mable Williams, Administrator, Huronia Village, Penetanguishene, Ontario, LOK 1P6

3a. Functional format resume.

Galina Bobkova
36, Angarskaya Str., Apt.245
Minsk 220073, Belarus
tel. +375-17-246-2453

Consulting

Research

Writing

Languages
Sports	
Consulted managers of small companies on designing business plans. Developed and designed a scheme for business plans as part of internship at the TACIS representative office.
Did research in macroeconomics of economies in transitions. Made a presentation at the conference of university students (1999). 
Wrote business letters and reports on assistance to small businesses in Belarus in designing their business plans.
Fluent reading, writing and speaking English. Basic French. 
Played four years university basketball.	

EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE
2001

1998
1997	Will be graduating from the Department of International Economic Relations of the Belarus State Economic University with a Bachelor of Sciences' Degree.
Internship at the TACIS representative office in Belarus.
Work as a basketball coach in a summer camp in Oregon (USA).	

Контрольные вопросы и задания
1.	Что такое резюме и в чем состоит его основная функция?
2.	В чем отличие резюме и CV (Curriculum Vitae)?
3.	Какие форматы резюме вам известны?
4.	Какой формат резюме больше подходит для человека, который много лет проработал в одной сфере деятельности? Почему?
5.	Какой формат резюме подошел бы специалисту с прерванным стажем? Почему?
6.	Какой формат резюме выбрать человеку, которому нужна конкретная работа в определенной фирме? Почему?
7.	В каком порядке в резюме должны быть расположены даты, относящиеся к образованию и опыту работы?
8.	Составьте наиболее подходящий для вас вариант резюме.

Сопроводительное письмо (Cover Letter)

Цель сопроводительного письма выходит за рамки простой констатации того факта, что вы посылаете заявление о приеме на работу и биографию в виде резюме. Сопроводительным письмом необходимо привлечь внимание работодателя к вашему резюме, то есть сделать так, чтобы он захотел ознакомиться с ним. Ведь на столе у руководителя, отвечающего за прием на работу, лежит огромная кипа таких писем. Вряд ли кадровик станет читать резюме с таким сопроводительным письмом:

Dear Sir:

I am applying for the job in your sales department, which you advertised. I am graduating from college this year and would like a job in sales. Please find enclosed my resume. I hope you will find me suitable and that I will hear from you soon.

Yours faithfully,
Sally Gray

Приведенный выше образец сопроводительного письма скорее похож на служебную записку и ничего не говорит о кандидате на должность в отделе продаж. Гораздо удачнее следующий образец:

Dear Mr. N:

I would like to apply for the position of senior assistant to personnel manager advertised in the "Daily News" on 9th October.

A copy of my resume is enclosed. From this you will see that I am at present working as a junior assistant in the personnel department at James Associates. Although I enjoy my work, I feel I would now like to take on a position with more responsibility and in a larger organization.

I can be available for interview at any time, and I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely yours,
Julia Long (Miss)

Перевод сопроводительного письма:

Уважаемый г-н N!
Я бы хотела подать заявление на должность старшего помощника управляющего кадрами, вакансия на которую была объявлена в «Дейли Ньюз» 9 октября.
Из моего резюме, экземпляр которого я прилагаю, Вы увидите, что в настоящее время я работаю младшим помощником в отделе кадров фирмы «James Associates». Мне нравится моя работа, но теперь мне хотелось бы поработать в более крупной организации и на более ответственной должности.
Я готова пройти собеседование в любое время. С нетерпением жду Вашего ответа.

Искренне Ваша,
Джулия Лонг (мисс)

Приложение

Советы по составлению сопроводительных писем на английском языке как необходимого и очень важного элемента бизнес-коммуникации при устройстве на работу сводятся к следующим. We are going to switch over to English now.

You must include a covering letter when sending your resume to anyone. Resumes are impersonal documents that contain information about your skills, abilities, and qualifications.

A covering letter should do more than state "Here's my application and resume". A well-written covering letter reveals important communication skills. Aside from what you say, the way you say it matters.

Cover letters should be brief, energetic, and interesting. A polished cover letter answers the following questions:
1.	Why are you writing to me and why should I consider your candidacy?
2.	What qualifications or value do you have that I could benefit from?
3.	What are you prepared to do to further sell yourself?

Below are the guidelines for a covering letter. Applicants should not produce identical letters. Feel free to express your own personality if you hope to influence the reader.

Get the Reader's Attention

Try to say something that will make the reader want to read on. This could be your qualification or a reason for your interest in the firm, e.g.:

"The article on your firm in Belarusian Market suggested that you may be expanding. Are you looking for a dynamic sales person?
As a prize-winning student of English, I believe my skill as a writer would be a useful attribute in your public affairs department."

Name dropping is another attention-getter: if someone respected by the employer has suggested you make the application, mention the person right at the beginning, e.g.: "Arthur Stone suggested that I get in touch with you", or "Arthur Stone has told me that your company regularly hires students as summer office help".

State Your Purpose

Don't beat around the bush and merely imply that you are applying for a job. Be specific. If you are responding to an advertised opening, say so. Remember that a reader who is uncertain about your purposes is unlikely to act.

Give a Brief Summation of Your Selling Points

You may create a second paragraph for this part, but keep it as short as possible. A covering letter (like a resume) should not exceed one page. The shorter, the better.
Here are some tips:

1. Link your skills to the employer's needs.
Focus not on how the job would help you, but on how you can help the employer.
Which sentence from a student would appeal to you most?

(a) I would like to work for < ... > this summer to up-grade my qualifications and gain some practical experience.
(b) I believe the courses in < ... > I have taken will help me to make a useful contribution to your summer work.

2. Sell yourself without seeming egotistical

You can emphasize your strengths in a sincere way. Don't boast.
Stress your attributes simply, without using intensifying adjectives.
Try to use facts that speak for themselves.

(–) I have extraordinary talent in mathematics.
(+) I have consistently achieved high marks in mathematics.

(–) I am a very good salesperson.
(+) Last summer, although one of the youngest salespeople in the store, I had the second highest sales total.

3. Try to bury the "I's".

You cannot avoid using "I", but you can place it after some word:

(–) I worked for an accountancy firm last summer. 
(+) Last summer I worked for an accountancy firm.

4. Place your weaknesses in a subordinate position.

If you must include something you don't want to emphasize, try putting it in a subordinate clause, with a main clause emphasizing a more positive point.

(–) Unfortunately, I have never worked in a job requiring accounting.
(+) Although I have not had an accounting job, I have taken four accounting courses.

5. Don't apologize.

If you don't think you can do a specific job, don't apply for it. If you think you can, be confident in outlining your qualifications. Avoid such phrases as "I'm sorry", "I regret" or "unfortunately" when referring to your background or skills.

Ask for an Interview

Applicants often forget to do this directly. As a general practice, mention that you will telephone the employer rather than ask the employer to get in touch with you.

Two final tips:

•	Don't mention salary expectations in the covering letter. The interview is a more appropriate time to discuss money.
•	Don't thank in advance. Although intending to be polite, you may seem presumptuous.

SAMPLES COVER LETTERS (1-4)
(1)

Mr. R. Jones
Personnel Director
Computer Systems Inc.	31 Lonbard Drive
Edmonton, Alberta T6H 1C3

             March 1, 2001	

Dear Mr. Jones:

Since Computer Systems is a fast-growing company, you are likely in need of young and energetic people with a good knowledge of computers. In one month I will be graduating from University of Alberta with a Computer Science degree and would like to join your company as a programmer.

In addition to my university courses, I have had work experience in programming and operating computers. Last summer I implemented programs for the design of loudspeakers at Nortec Industries.

At you convenience, I would like to meet you to discuss how my qualifications could benefit Computer Systems. Next week I will call you to try to arrange an interview (to set up an appointment).

Yours sincerely,

Helen Graham

Encl.
(2)
452 South Rockline Avenue 
Seneca, New York 11290 
tel. 315-42I-I 890

January 23, 2000
Ms. Sandra Breuer
Curator of Impressionist Art
Museum of Modern Art
11 West 53 Street
New York, NY 10020

Dear Ms. Breuer,

I recently read in "Art Forum" that the museum is planning a large Van Gogh exhibit next winter, with the cooperation of Amsterdam's two major museums.

I have recently graduated from Washington Square College at New York University. While attending, I was fortunate enough to spend one semester abroad. I became very involved with Amsterdam, mainly in the art. I spent many afternoons at art museums there, and I now possess an extensive knowledge of their collections.

I feel that my knowledge of Van Gogh's work, the city of Amsterdam and my general background in arts could be of value to you to in promoting this exhibit to young people. I would like to meet with you to discuss some ideas on the subject, and I will call you in a week to ten days to set up a meeting.

Yours truly,

Ken Tyson

Encl.
(3)
29-24 Crescent Blvd.
Forest Hills NY 11433
Tel. 212-646-3654

October 12, 1999
Mr. John Terriell
Accounting Manager
General Office Supply Co.
412 Norman Avenue
Wharfield NY 11352

Dear Mr. Terriell,

Jack Thatcher at the Chase Bank told me that General Office Supply is opening a new branch in Forest Hills. I have dealt with your company several times and am delighted to see that you will be moving even close to home area.

As a member of the Forest Hills Communication Committee, I have gained experience in all phases of book-keeping as well as purchasing. Your product lines are very familiar to me, as you have supplied us with materials for our evening seminars.

With my knowledge in these areas, I am sure that I could make a contribution to your company in the new branch in Forest Hills. I would like to meet with you to discuss some of these ideas further. I will call you next week to arrange a meeting.

Yours truly,

Hilda Lebanon

Encl.
(4)
Nelly Nickleby
225 Hartman Drive
Portsmouth, NH 03801
(603) 555-4606

Mr. Howard Speller, General Sales Manager
Speller Automobiles, Ltd.
31S Rolling Woods Highway
Dover, NH 03723 					January 22, 2001

Dear Mr. Speller,

I am a recent college graduate with a B.A. Degree in Automotive Marketing & Management. I have also been part of a family-owned distributorship for nearly all my life, so cars are my life!

I noticed your advertisement for Automotive Sales and Marketing Assistant in the June 14th edition of the Dover Star, and have submitted my resume for your consideration.

You mentioned in the advertisement that the successful must have:

1) A bachelor of Arts degree
2) Excellent communication skills
3) Ability to work well with people at all levels
4) Eagerness to learn and "pay my dues"	
I do
I do
I do
I am and I will	

This is the job that I believe was made for me. I am available immediately and can offer you competence, dedication, and a good work ethic. If you don't mind, I will call you next week to see if a personal interview can be scheduled.

Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to speaking with you next week.

Sincerely,

Nelly Nickleby